About This Project

Here, we will learn the basic working principle of LOGIC GATES for AND GATE and OR GATE.

Project Info

  • Difficulty: Beginner
  • Estimated Time: 30 minutes
  • Category: Snap Circuit
  • Tags: Logic Gates, AND Gate, OR Gate

Introduction

Logic gates, we all know are the basic building blocks of any digital system. It is an electronic circuit that has one or more than one input and only one output. There is a certain logic based on which a relationship between input and output is built. Logic Gates are the most useful thing in electronics circuits. AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR and XNOR are the main logic gates. In Logic Gates, we need to make series or parallel circuits using multiple switches or multiple loads. There are two main types of Logic gates – AND & OR.

Project: How Logic Gates Work in Digital Electronics

Now that we have a clear understanding of the project and the components used, let’s start the project.

Components Required

Image Component Quantity
bo-motor BO Motor 4
wheels Wheels 4
ir-sensor IR Sensor 2
motor-driver-L298N Motor Driver (L298N) 1
jumper-wire Jumper Wires As Per Required
4-wheel-driver 4 Wheel Drive 1
battery Battery 4
arduino Arduino 1

Overview Of The Components Used

  • Base Grid: The base grid works like the printed circuit boards that are found in most electronic products. It is a platform that is used to mount the parts and wires for circuit building.
  • Snap Wires: The blue snap wires are the wires used to connect one component with another component. These wires are used to transport electricity. Snap wires come in different lengths so that the orderly arrangement of connections can be made on the base grid. These wires have numbers 1,2, 3, 4, 5 on them depending on the length of the wire connection required.
  • LED: LED (light-emitting diode) is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current flows through it. When current passes through an LED, the electrons recombine with holes emitting light in the process. LEDs allow the current to flow in the forward direction and blocks the current in the reverse direction.
  • Batteries: Only 1.5V AA type alkaline batteries should be used for the project. You should insert batteries with the correct polarity. The batteries are non-rechargeable and should not be recharged. Check for old and new batteries, you should not mix the old and new batteries.
  • Switch: There are two green-coloured switch blocks in the kit with the name Slide Switch and Press Switch.
  • (i) The slide switch (S1) connects (ON) or disconnects (OFF) the wires in a circuit. When ON, it has no effect on circuit performance.
  • (ii) The press switch (S2) connects (pressed) or disconnects (not pressed) the wires in a circuit, just like the slide switch does.

Building Guide

Step 1: Place the snap circuit base grid on the floor or on the table.

logic-gates-snap-circuit

Step 2: Get ready with all the necessary components from the snap circuit box.

snap-circuit-box

Step 3: Make the connections as per the instructions shown below:

make-connection-of-logical-gates

  • (i) For AND GATE, make both the switches in series connections as shown below. In AND GATE, the working principle is such that when the two switches are in the ON state, an LED will turn ON. If only one switch is turned ON then an LED will not turn ON. The basics of AND gate is to turn ON both the switches in order to turn ON an LED.

and-gates-working

  • (ii) For OR GATE, make both the switches in parallel connections as shown below. The working principle of OR GATE is very simple. When two switches are in a circuit, either one switch can turn ON in order to turn ON an LED. In case of turning ON both the switches, it will also work. Therefore, in order to turn OFF an LED both the switches should be turned OFF.

working-principle-of-or-gate

We have tried to explain to you the AND & OR logic gates with a simple stepwise procedure. We hope that you have understood the working of both the logic gates and how to build the circuits.